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机械与运载工程领域颠覆性技术战略研究

杨艳明,赵云,邵珠峰,李道春,高增桂,张子龙,沈悦,王林军

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 27-33 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.005

摘要：

通过文献研究和专家访谈等方法，提出机械与运载工程领域已有或潜在的颠覆性技术：仿生智能技术、无轴轮缘推进技术、智能无人飞行器技术、超回路列车技术和微机电系统，对这五项技术的创新性和颠覆性优势进行了分析，最后提出机械与运载领域颠覆性技术的发展建议。

关键词：机械与运载工程颠覆性技术仿生智能技术无轴轮缘推进技术智能无人飞行器技术超回路列车技术微机电系统

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy energy security greenhouse gases alternative fuels vehicle technologies

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氢能利用安全技术研究与标准体系建设思考

曹湘洪,魏志强

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 144-151 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.018

摘要：

中国车用氢能产业正处于快速起步阶段。充分认识氢气的危险性、安全利用氢能是我国车用氢能产业健康发展的基础。本文在分析氢气的物理化学性质和氢气与材料相容性问题后，提出了实现氢气安全利用的三个基本原则；系统介绍了日本在高压氢能安全利用方面的研究成果与安全技术措施，提出了我国燃料电池汽车（FCEV）发展中安全利用氢能的建议：一是总体规划设计，加大科技投入，形成以国家氢能安全实验室为主体，社会科技力量积极参与的研究体制；二是加快修订完善车用氢能安全标准体系；三是构建70 MPa 涉氢装备制造体系。

关键词：氢能，燃料电池汽车，安全技术，标准体系

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新能源汽车电机驱动系统关键技术展望

丁荣军,刘侃

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 56-60 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.018

摘要：

本文探讨了新能源汽车电机驱动系统的关键技术及发展趋势，包括驱动控制器中的功率半导体器件及封装、智能门极驱动、基于器件的系统集成设计，以及驱动电机中的扁铜线、多相永磁电机、永磁同步磁阻电机等关键技术。其中，着重介绍了当前车用电机驱动技术的发展趋势，并指出永磁同步电机在未来10 年内将依然是新能源汽车市场的主流驱动电机。同时，通过横向比较指出当前我国在驱动电机发展道路上所面临的关键问题，可以为我国未来新能源汽车技术发展提供一定参考。

关键词：新能源汽车电机驱动系统永磁同步电机

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电动商用车系统工程技术体系及关键技术研究

孙逢春,何洪文

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 59-67 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.009

摘要：

发展新能源汽车是世界共识，以纯电驱动为特点的新能源汽车被确定为我国的战略性新兴产业和“中国制造2025”重点领域。本文对我国电动商用车发展的历程和技术路线、特点等进行了综述，结合北京奥运会“零排放区24 h不间断安全运行”的需求背景，系统提出并明确了“电动商用车系统工程”的内涵，就其三大核心组成要素“电动商用车平台、充/换电站、运营监控”及其关键技术，分别进行了研究分析。最后，针对我国新能源汽车2020年500万辆级规模应用和2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会–25 ℃环境下的应用需求，探讨了电动商用车系统工程体系化升级的抓手，目标是真正实现纯电动商用车“性能优越、技术无短板、推广应用无禁区”。

关键词：电动商用车充/换电站运营监控系统工程冬季奥林匹克运动会

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全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

王文伟,孙逢春

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 47-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.020

摘要：

全气候新能源汽车是指能够适应包括高温、高湿和极寒等各种气候环境的新能源汽车，相对于目前高温高湿环境下较为成熟的隔热散热与防护技术，新能源汽车在超过–30 ℃的极寒环境下存在无法启动、续驶里程锐减、充电困难等问题，是国际社会公认的制约新能源汽车全气候应用的难题。本文分析研究了动力电池自加热技术、高效冷暖一体化热泵空调技术、新型整车隔热保温技术等全气候新能源汽车技术体系，并进行了整车集成开发及极寒环境试验，最后分析了全气候新能源汽车的技术发展趋势。本文所述的研究成果将通过在2022 年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会上率先进行示范应用，从而推动我国乃至国际新能源汽车的全气候应用。

关键词：全气候新能源汽车电池自加热热泵空调隔热保温

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Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0247-8

摘要： In the Industry 4.0 era, disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, Internet-of-Things, and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation. Under such circumstances, particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain, especially in the presence of more turbulence. In this study, we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives. Then, we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency. Afterwards, we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

关键词： disruptive technologies supply chain resilience efficiency paradox balance

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长征三号系列运载火箭

龙乐豪

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 11-18

摘要：

论述了长征三号系列运载火箭诞生的背景、设计思路、总体技术方案、应用发射结果及其在技术与研制工作方面的特点，展望了其发展前景，指出该系列运载火箭是我国目前性能先进的大型主力商业应用发射火箭群体。

关键词：航天大型运载火箭发射服务长征三号系列

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Recent developments in passive interconnected vehicle suspension

Wade A. SMITH, Nong ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 1-18 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0092-z

摘要： This paper presents an overall review on the historical concept development and research advancement of passive hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) systems. It starts with an introduction to passive HIS systems and their various incarnations developed over many decades. Next, a description is provided of a recently proposed multidisciplinary approach for the frequency-domain analysis of vehicles fitted with an HIS. The experimental validation and applications of the method to both free and forced vibration analysis are discussed based on a simplified, roll-plane half-car model. A finite-element-method-based approddach for modelling the transient dynamics of an HIS vehicle is also briefly outlined. In addition, recent work on the investigation of NVH associated with HIS-equipped vehicles is mentioned. Discussion is then provided on future work to the further understanding of HIS and its applications. The paper concludes that interconnected suspension schemes can provide much greater flexibility to independently specify modal stiffness and damping parameters – a characteristic unique among passive suspensions. It points out that there is a need for system optimisation, and there are troublesome NVH issues that require solutions. It suggests that further research attention and effort be paid to NVH issues and system level optimisation to gain a greater understanding of HIS and to broaden its applications.

关键词： interconnected suspensions rollover prevention vehicle dynamics ride comfort multibody system dynamics hydraulic system dynamics

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2023年度机械与运载工程前沿

机械与运载工程项目组

《全球工程前沿》 2023年第7卷第1期页码 7-34

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Cumulant-based correlated probabilistic load flow considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle

Nitesh Ganesh BHAT, B. Rajanarayan PRUSTY, Debashisha JENA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 184-196 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0465-7

摘要： This paper applies a cumulant-based analytical method for probabilistic load flow (PLF) assessment in transmission and distribution systems. The uncertainties pertaining to photovoltaic generations and aggregate bus load powers are probabilistically modeled in the case of transmission systems. In the case of distribution systems, the uncertainties pertaining to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle charging demands in residential community as well as charging stations are probabilistically modeled. The probability distributions of the result variables (bus voltages and branch power flows) pertaining to these inputs are accurately established. The multiple input correlation cases are incorporated. Simultaneously, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on a modified Ward-Hale 6-bus system and an IEEE 14-bus transmission system as well as on a modified IEEE 69-bus radial and an IEEE 33-bus mesh distribution system. The results of the proposed method are compared with that of Monte-Carlo simulation.

关键词： battery electric vehicle extended cumulant method photovoltaic generation plug-in hybrid electric vehicle probabilistic load flow

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Emission components characteristics of a bi-fuel vehicle at idling condition

Sameh M. METWALLEY, Shawki A. ABOUEL-SEOUD, Abdelfattah M. FARAHAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 322-329 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0158-6

摘要： Natural gas (NG) represents today a promising alternative to conventional fuels for road vehicles propulsion, since it is characterized by a relatively low cost, better geopolitical distribution than oil, and lower environmental impact. This explains the current spreading of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled spark ignition (SI) engine, above all in the bi-fuel version, which is able to run either with gasoline or with NG. However, the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the emission characteristics at idling condition. The vehicle engine was converted to bi-fueling system from a gasoline engine, and operated separately either with gasoline or CNG. Two different fuel injection systems (i.e., multi-point injection (MPI)-sequential and closed-loop venturi-continuous) are used, and their influences on the formation of emissions at different operating conditions are examined. A detailed comparative analysis of the engine exhaust emissions using gasoline and CNG is made. The results indicate that the CNG shows low air index and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ), and total hydrocarbon (THC) compared to gasoline.

关键词： road vehicle engine fuel injection systems carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO₂) total hydrocarbon (THC) vehicle idle conditions air index

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Heavy vehicle dynamics with balanced suspension based on enveloping tire model

Yongjie LU, Shaopu YANG, Shaohua LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 476-482 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0120-z

摘要： The tire-road contact mechanics is the key problem in vehicle ride comfort and road-friendliness research. A flexible roller contact (FRC) tire model with the enveloping property is introduced to reflect the contact history between the tire and the road. Based on D’Alembert principle, an integral balanced suspension (IBS) model is established, considering mass and moment of? inertia of? the stabilizer rod. ?The sprung mass accelera- tion and tire dynamic force for balanced suspension and the traditional quarter-vehicle model are compared respectively for frequency and time domain responses. It is concluded that the quarter-vehicle model can be used to evaluate the ride comfort of vehicles; however, it has some limitations in evaluating the vehicle road-friendliness. Then, the dynamics performances for IBS model are analyzed with the single point contact (SPC) model and FRC model, respectively. These works are expected to propose a new idea for the vehicle-road interaction research.

关键词： heavy vehicle integral balanced suspension enveloping properties ride comfort road-friendliness

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Sectional model test study on vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge system of Shanghai Bridge over

Li ZHOU, Yaojun GE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0007-4

摘要： It is necessary to study how vehicles influence the vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge systems, because lock-in wind speed is low and vortex-excited resonance is sensitive to any change in the main girder sections. Based on the Shanghai Bridge over the Yangtse River, the vortex-excited resonance of a 1∶60 scale sectional model was tested in a TJ-1wind tunnel, with or without vehicles at the attack angle of 0°, +3 and -3°, respectively. The conversion relationships between the resonant amplitudes of the sectional model and that of the prototype bridge were also established by mode shape correction. The result indicates that: 1) for the bridge with vehicles, the vertical vortex-excited resonance is accompanied by torsion vibration with the same frequency, and vice versa, 2) the amplitude of vortex-excited resonance of the bridge with vehicles is much larger than that of the bridge without vehicles, and 3) the lock-in wind speed of the vortex-excited resonance becomes smaller due to the disturbance of vehicles. It is obvious that vehicles bring about changes in the aerodynamic shape of the main girder. Therefore, the influence of vehicles on vortex-excited resonance performance of vehicle-bridge systems, in terms of both amplitude and mode, should not be ignored.

关键词： vehicle-bridge system sectional mode vortex-excited resonance wind tunnel test mode shape correction

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Biding strategy of vehicle parking for participating in energy and spinning reserve markets

Ali MANSOORI,Rahmat AAZAMI,Ramin SAYADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 403-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0333-7

摘要： In this paper a model for suggesting a smart parking that involves a set of electric cars is presented to auction the management ability and correct parking planning in reserve spinning market, secondary energy market and grid. Parking interest under various scenarios is analyzed and its effective results are presented by a valid model. Besides, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for calculating maximum benefit.

关键词： vehicle-to-grid (V2G) spinning reserve energy secondary market smart parking